Variation in juvenile traits of natural black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones in Turkey

Natural black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones sampled from river courses were tested in the arid southeast region of Turkey, using a randomized complete block field design with four replications. Clones were laid out in row plots of eight ramets each. Height and apical dominance were assessed at age one year; diameter, survival, bole straightness and branchiness were measured at age two years. Clones differed significantly in survival, growth and quality traits. The results showed that promising clones exist in natural populations. Two commercial clones out of four did not grow as fast as the top new selection clones. For bole straightness, three commercial clones had significantly lower grading scores than the top best 14 clones. Principal components analysis indicated that growth, apical dominance and branching are the most important traits distinguishing black poplar clones. Diameter had a moderate correlation (0.34) with bole straightness. Relationships between geographic variables (elevation, latitude and longitude) with growth and stem quality traits were weak. Considerable genetic variation was observed among clones for all the traits. Genetic differences among the clones accounted for 27% (survival, bole straightness) to 39% (height) of the total variance. Broad-sense individual heritability ranged from 0.27 (survival) to 0.37 (apical dominance). Clonal mean heritabilities were higher than individual heritabilities and ranged from 0.60 (survival) to 0.82 (diameter), implying considerable gain could be realized via selective improvement methods.     

Influence of plantation site and wastewater sludge fertilization on the performance and foliar nutrient status of two willow species grown under SRIC in southern Quebec (Canada)

Salix discolor Mühl. (Sd) and Salix viminalis L. (Sv) were planted under short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) on three unirrigated abandoned farmland sites with different drainage conditions, one well-drained (S₁) and the other two poorly-drained (S₂, S₃). One dose of dried and granulated sludge equivalent to 150 (T₁) kg of “available” N ha⁻¹ was applied to some plots in the spring of the second season while others were left unfertilized (T₀). The aims of the experiment were (i) to investigate plant response (growth and productivity) to plantation site conditions and sludge application; (ii) study nutrient status by foliar analysis. Over three seasons, growth in height and aboveground biomass were greater for S. viminalis than for S. discolor on all sites. S. viminalis planted on poorly-drained site 2 had the highest biomass yield (45.28 t ha⁻¹). Both species showed best height and diameter growth on poorly-drained sites. For both species, best performances were obtained on wastewater sludge fertilized plots. Comparative foliar analysis suggested that unfertilized sandy soil (S₁) and low foliar nitrogen concentration and content were limiting factors in the performance of the two species. Soil nitrate concentration increased as a result of sludge application. Heavy metal accumulation from sludge does not represent a risk to the environment. It was concluded that S. viminalis had the best productivity on clay sites, and that a moderate dose of dried and pelleted sludge (150 kg of “available” N ha⁻¹) may be a good fertilizer during the establishment of willows in SRIC, and may reduce nitrate leaching.     

苏云金杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因转化美洲黑杨的研究

本研究首先建立了美洲黑杨叶片外植体的再生系统，并利用Ｈｏｒｓｃｈ等人１９８５年发明的叶盘法，将分别带有嵌合基因ＮＰＴＩＩ和１．８ｋｂ或２．１ｋｂ Ｂｔ．基因的土壤杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４与美洲黑杨叶片共培养。采用３０ｍｇ／ｌ和５０ｍｇ／ｌ两种浓度的卡那霉素筛选转子，约２８天左右的时间，有不定芽从外植体切口处形成。两种卡那霉素浓度下共形成２７５个伸长芽，存活了１８７株。这１８７株分别进入卡那霉素３０ｍｇ／     

Economic evaluation of financial and non-financial costs and benefits in agroforestry development and the value of sustainability

Financial appraisal of agroforestry is not different in kind from appraisals applied to pure forestry. Existing techniques for valuing non-market effects may also be applied. Effects on hydrological and carbon fluxes might be less favourable than those of pure forests. In the confusing field of biodiversity valuation too, only limited and specific claims can be made for agroforestry. Amenity valuation techniques developed for trees and woodlands encounter additional problems of interpretation in an agroforestry context. Agroforestry may offer a quantifiable value in short-term sustainability, and might meet recent economic definitions of long-term sustainable development, without encountering the full dangers to future generations embodied in conversion of natural to human capital.     

面向控制系统的系统逻辑分析和设计方法

本文应用离散事件系统（ＤＥＤＳ）对系统进行分析，求出了状态转移函数，找出了状态转移规律的给定模式，并根据结定模式的逻辑关系，匹配出梯形图程序．为实现系统分析和系统程序设计的规范化提供了依据．     

雾灵山自然保护区森林群落的聚类与排序

采用有聚合的最长距离法、离差平方和法和ＰＣＡ排序，并结合定性分析，对雾灵山自然保护区的森林植被进行了分类。结果将６９个样地划分为１２个群系和２４个群丛组。     

基于SWOT分析的腾冲县核桃产业发展对策研究

采用SWOT分析法,分析腾冲县核桃产业发展情况,优势为:土壤、气候适宜,产业发展基础好,旅游人流量大;劣势为:品种莨莠不齐,科技支撑水平低,资源投入不足,深加工水平低等;机会为:市场前景广阔,政策支持等;威胁为:市场竞争激烈,替代产品威胁。藉此从SO战略、WO战略、ST战略和WT战略4个方面提出核桃产业发展对策。     

木材市场价格变化对森林资源资产经营的影响分析

在对福建埔上国有林场自1995年以来的杉木价格变动趋势分析的基础上,以具有代表性的一般杉木中径材经营类型生长指标并结合有关技术经济指标,计算市场销售木材保本价格,据以分析木材价格变动对森林资源资产经营的影响,为森林经营者经营决策提供借鉴。     

SPSS软件在林业试验数据方差分析中的应用

简介SPSS软件及其方差分析功能。举例阐述单向分组、两向分组、系统分组及多元数据方差分析的数据录入及分析过程,认为SPSS软件的应用可提高林业科学试验数据统计分析的质量和效率。